Morton’s Neuroma

A Morton’s neuroma is a thickened bundle of interdigital nerve tissue—usually between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads—that sparks stabbing forefoot pain, tingling, or the infamous “pebble in my shoe” sensation. Our board-certified podiatrists combine ultrasound-guided diagnosis with tiered, evidence-based care—from metatarsal-pad orthotics to percutaneous decompression—so you can stand, walk, and run without forefoot fire.


Pathophysiology & Risk Factors

Mechanical Over-load Anatomical Contributors Systemic / Footwear
Repetitive compression of the interdigital nerve between metatarsal heads Narrow intermetatarsal angle (women > men) High-heels or tight, pointed shoes
Hyper-pronation causing metatarsal shear Hypermobility of 1st ray leading to lateral shift of load Running on hard surfaces, sprint starts
Metatarsal length discrepancy (long 2nd or 3rd) Cavus foot focusing pressure on forefoot Occupations requiring prolonged standing

Chronic friction triggers perineural fibrosis, thickening the nerve and Schwann cell proliferation—pain worsens as the space becomes tighter.

Clinical Presentation

  • Sharp, burning pain in the 3rd interspace (sometimes 2nd)
  • Sensation of a lump or marble under the ball of the foot when walking
  • Tingling or numbness that radiates into adjacent toes
  • Pain flare in tight or high-heeled shoes—relief when barefoot or massaging foot
  • Audible or palpable “Mulder click” when squeezing the metatarsal heads
  • Callus often absent (distinguishes from metatarsalgia)

Diagnostic Work-Up

  • Provocative exam – Mulder squeeze, plantar percussion tenderness.
  • High-resolution ultrasound – hypoechoic mass ≥ 5 mm confirms neuroma; can guide injections.
  • MRI – for atypical cases or to rule out stress fracture / intermetatarsal bursitis.
  • Diagnostic lidocaine injection – temporary pain abolition supports diagnosis.

Evidence-Based Management

Conservative (≈ 70 % success) Minimally Invasive Surgical (≈ 5 – 10 %)
Custom orthotics with metatarsal pad (positioned just proximal to interspace) Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection (pain ↓ in 60 – 80 %, lasts 3–9 mo) Interdigital neurectomy (open dorsal approach)
Wide toe-box & low-heel footwear; rocker-sole option Alcohol sclerosing injection (4 % dehydrated ethanol × 4 sessions; 70 % long-term relief) Nerve decompression (ligament release) for athletes wanting sensation preservation
Activity modification (avoid sprint starts, hard-court pivots) Radiofrequency ablation or cryoneurolysis under ultrasound Revision surgery (rare) for stump neuroma
Short course NSAIDs, ice massage Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (emerging evidence)

Systematic reviews report ~70 % symptom resolution with well-positioned metatarsal pads ± corticosteroid. Long-term success rises to ~90 % after neurectomy when conservative care fails.

Treatment Philosophy

  • Pad before poke Properly placed orthotics/pads are first-line; injections only when pad & shoe optimization fail.
  • Ultrasound on every injection Accurate placement reduces fat-pad atrophy risk and maximizes relief.
  • Sensation-sparing bias Ligament-release decompression is offered to athletes or dancers who rely on toe feeling, reserving neurectomy for recalcitrant cases.
  • Root-cause shoe counseling Patients leave knowing ideal toe-box width & heel-height limits to prevent recurrence.

Frequently Asked Questions

Pads don’t shrink the neuroma; they shift pressure off the nerve, often eliminating pain and halting progression.

Guided low-dose injections into the interspace—not the fat pad—carry low atrophy risk. We limit to 2–3 per year.

Neurectomy removes the sensory branch, so mild numbness between toes is expected but rarely bothersome. Decompression preserves sensation but has a slightly higher recurrence risk.

Walk Without the “Pebble” Sensation

Forefoot burning or that nagging marble-in-shoe feeling doesn’t have to cramp your lifestyle. Schedule a focused evaluation with North Texas Podiatry Associates to chart a personalised plan—pad to procedure—for neuroma-free steps.

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